What I’ve Learned from Newbery Medal Books: A Book Report

As I’ve been reading through the Newbery Medal winners so far, I’ve found myself ruminating on a couple of questions:

1. What is it that makes a Newbery Medal winner book a “Newbery Book”? What about it made it stand out from all the other new children’s literature that same year?
2. If I were to write a children’s book following the patterns learned from these all-stars, what would it entail?